Heat olive oil in your Dutch oven over medium-high heat. Add chopped onion and cook for about 4 minutes until softened. Stir in minced garlic and sauté for another 30 seconds until fragrant.
Pour in chicken broth and add green chilies, cumin, paprika, oregano, coriander, cayenne, salt, and pepper. Bring to a gentle boil, then reduce to medium-low and simmer for 15 minutes.
Drain and rinse the cannellini beans. Set aside one cup to puree with 1/4 cup of the broth, creating a creamy base for the chili without extra dairy.
Stir the pureed beans, whole beans, corn, and Neufchatel cheese into the pot. Simmer for 5–10 more minutes until the chili thickens slightly.
Fold in shredded chicken, lime juice, and cilantro. Simmer for 2–3 minutes, then taste and adjust seasoning. Serve hot with optional toppings.