First, bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil. Add your fusilli pasta and cook it according to the package directions until it's al dente. During the final two minutes of the pasta's cooking time, add the broccoli florets to the pot. This method, known as blanching, cooks the broccoli perfectly while saving you an extra pot to wash. Before draining, make sure to reserve about a half-cup of the starchy pasta water.
While the pasta is cooking, you can prepare the shrimp. In a large skillet, melt one tablespoon of butter over medium heat. Season the peeled and deveined shrimp with salt, pepper, and Italian seasoning. Add the shrimp to the hot pan and cook for 2-3 minutes per side, just until they turn pink and opaque. Be careful not to overcook them, as they can become tough. Once cooked, remove them from the pan and set them aside.
In the same skillet used for the shrimp, melt the remaining tablespoon of butter. Add the minced garlic and cook for about a minute until it becomes fragrant. Whisk in the all-purpose flour and cook for another minute to remove any raw flour taste. Slowly pour in the milk, whisking constantly to prevent lumps, then add the cream cheese. Let the sauce simmer for 2-3 minutes, allowing it to thicken into a creamy consistency.
Now, it's time to bring everything together. Add the cooked pasta, broccoli, and shrimp back into the skillet with the Alfredo sauce. Stir everything gently to coat it all evenly. If the sauce seems too thick, add a splash of the reserved pasta water to reach your desired consistency. Finally, remove the skillet from the heat and stir in the grated Parmesan cheese until it’s melted and smooth. Serve immediately, topped with extra Parmesan.