Start by making your hard caramel first. Let it cool completely before chopping; this prevents it from melting into the dough.
In a large bowl, cream together the softened butter, brown sugar, and granulated sugar until light and fluffy. This step is key to a soft, chewy cookie texture.
Add eggs one at a time, mixing thoroughly after each. Then, stir in vanilla extract for a warm, aromatic flavor base.
Whisk together flour, baking soda, baking powder, and salt in a separate bowl. Gradually add to the wet ingredients until just combined; do not overmix.
Gently fold in the chocolate chips and chopped caramel, ensuring even distribution without breaking the chunks too much.
Use a cookie scoop to form 2-tablespoon dough balls. Place them on a lined baking sheet, leaving space for spreading.
Bake for 12 minutes until edges are lightly golden. Use a spatula to nudge cookies back into shape if they spread, then bake one more minute. Sprinkle with sea salt flakes while warm.