Start by melting half of the butter in a medium pot over medium heat. Once melted, add the pressed garlic and stir until fragrant. Sprinkle in the flour to make a roux, then whisk in the milk, cooking until the mixture thickens. Finish by adding 1 cup of parmesan, salt, and pepper, and set aside to keep warm.
In a small bowl, mix the panko breadcrumbs with the remaining parmesan and paprika. Melt the rest of the butter and drizzle it over the mixture, tossing with a fork until evenly coated. Set aside for later.
Bring a pot of salted water to a simmer and blanch the cauliflower florets for 4–5 minutes. The florets should be slightly tender but still crisp. Drain well and pat dry before assembling the casserole.
Spread a layer of the parmesan sauce at the bottom of the baking dish. Add the blanched cauliflower and sprinkle with granulated onion. Pour the remaining sauce over the top, then layer the fontina cheese evenly.
Sprinkle the panko mixture over the cheese and bake in a preheated 375°F oven for 25–30 minutes, until the top is golden and crispy. Garnish with chopped parsley before serving.