Start by rinsing the rice thoroughly under cold water until the water runs clear. This removes excess starch and prevents clumping. Drain well before cooking to maintain the right consistency.
In a saucepan, combine rice, milk, and salt, then bring it to a gentle simmer. Stir occasionally to prevent sticking and ensure even cooking. Let it cook slowly until the rice softens and the mixture thickens.
Once the rice is tender, stir in sugar, cardamom, and vanilla extract. Keep stirring to dissolve the sugar completely. This step builds the rich and aromatic base of the pudding.
Add fresh orange zest and orange juice to the mixture. Stir gently to combine without curdling the milk. The citrus note brightens the dessert and adds a refreshing twist.
Mix in nuts and raisins if using, and cook for a few more minutes. The pudding should be creamy but not overly thick. Remove from heat and let it cool slightly before serving.