Start by cooking mushrooms in butter until golden and fragrant. Add garlic, sage, and thyme, letting the butter brown slightly to develop a nutty aroma. Stir in flour, milk, and wine or broth until thickened, then mix in provolone cheese until creamy.
After thawing and squeezing the frozen spinach, combine it with basil pesto in a bowl. This mixture adds a fresh, herby layer that balances the richness of the béchamel and cheese.
Begin layering cooked noodles, mushroom béchamel, spinach-pesto mixture, and mozzarella in your baking dish. Repeat until all ingredients are used, finishing with a mozzarella layer on top for a golden crust.
You can cover the assembled lasagna and refrigerate for a few days, or freeze for later. To bake, bring to room temperature, cover with foil, and bake for 30 minutes. Remove the foil and bake until edges are bubbly and slightly crisp.