First, preheat your oven to 325°F (163°C). While it heats up, cut the chicken breasts into uniform 1-inch pieces. Place the chicken pieces into a gallon-sized Ziploc bag, season lightly with salt and pepper, add the cornstarch, seal the bag, and shake it well until every piece is evenly coated.
Next, whisk the two large eggs in a shallow dish or pie plate. Heat your oil in a large skillet over medium-high heat until it's shimmering. Working in batches, dip the cornstarch-coated chicken pieces into the egg wash, letting any excess drip off before carefully placing them into the hot skillet.
Sear the chicken for about 20-30 seconds on each side, just until a golden-brown crust forms. The chicken will not be cooked through at this stage. As the pieces are browned, transfer them to a 9x13-inch baking dish and arrange them in a single layer.
In a medium bowl, whisk together the sugar, ketchup, apple cider vinegar, soy sauce, and garlic salt until smooth. Pour this sauce evenly over the chicken in the baking dish. Bake for one hour, turning the chicken pieces once or twice during cooking to ensure they are all nicely coated as the sauce thickens and caramelizes.